the intentional introduction of an alien species, usually co-evolved, as a biological control agent for permanent establishment and long-term control

diverse range of approaches in which scientific research is conducted, in whole or in part, by volunteers with varying levels of expertise (also known as community science, participatory monitoring, community-based environmental monitoring, crowd science, crowd-sourced science, civic science, or volunteer monitoring). Citizen science often contributes to surveillance of invasive alien species

model of production and consumption, which involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and products as long as possible. In this way, the life cycle of products is extended

species that do not have self-sustaining populations and which rely on repeated introductions for their persistence i.e., not yet an established species

offer a means to improve environmental management outcomes by spanning the science-policy interface to allow for the effective sharing of data, information, and knowledge. Bridging organizations are institutions that use specific mechanisms such as working groups to link and facilitate interactions among individual actors in a management setting.

the ability of species in a community to limit the recruitment or invasion of other species (Catford et al., 2009; Levine et al., 2004). It is central to our understanding of how communities at risk of invasion assemble after disturbances, but it has yet to translate into guiding principles for the restoration of invasion-resistant communities

also referred to as the ‘anthropogenic blender’ (Olden, 2006), the loss of biotic uniqueness, where local community assemblages are becoming more similar to each other on average, and this biotic homogenization

any interaction where the action of one species has a beneficial effect on another. This includes mutualistic interactions where both the facilitated and facilitator benefit (+/+), those which are commensal (+/0) when the effects of the facilitated on the facilitator are neutral as well as those which are antagonistic (+/?) when the facilitated negatively impact the facilitator. Note that this concept partially overlaps with that of mutualism, ecological engineering and niche construction

for the purpose of this assessment, a strategic and integrated approach that encompasses the policy and regulatory frameworks (including instruments and activities) for identifying, analysing and managing risks, including invasive alien species, to human, animal and plant life and health, and associated risks to the economy and the environment

a process involving the transport of a native species outside of its natural range, intentionally or unintentionally, by human activities to new regions where it may become established, spread and ultimately adversely impact nature, nature’s contributions to people, and good quality of life