an analytical tool for judging the economic advantages or disadvantages of an investment decision by assessing its costs and benefits in order to assess the welfare change attributable to it. The analytical framework of CBA refers to a list of underlying concepts which is as follows: opportunity cost, long-term perspective, calculation of economic performance indicators expressed in monetary terms, microeconomic approach, incremental approach

direct action(s) taken to reduce or suppress the distribution, abundance, spread and impacts of invasive alien species within a defined geographic area (FAO, 1995) (see management).

the application of measures in and around an infested area to prevent spread of invasive alien species. Containment may also apply in the context of keeping an invasive alien species out of a defined geographic region within a broader infestation (in pest management this is also termed area-wide management) (FAO, 2019). Any action taken to delimit the distribution of an invasive alien species through whatever means possible.

in the context of management of biological invasions, bodies of water that are directly or indirectly connected to an ocean or a main river (e.g., cryosphere, shelf ecosystems and coastal areas).

the number of species introduced or released to a single location, some of which will go on to establish a self-sustaining population and some of which will not

action taken together by a group of people whose goal is to achieve a common objective. It is a term that is used in many areas of the social sciences including psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science and economics

in the context of management of biological invasions, bodies of water that do not directly or indirectly drain with continuous and intensive flow into an ocean or river, recognizing that no natural systems may be entirely closed (e.g., some inland surface waters and water bodies/freshwater)

the intentional introduction of an alien species, usually co-evolved, as a biological control agent for permanent establishment and long-term control

diverse range of approaches in which scientific research is conducted, in whole or in part, by volunteers with varying levels of expertise (also known as community science, participatory monitoring, community-based environmental monitoring, crowd science, crowd-sourced science, civic science, or volunteer monitoring). Citizen science often contributes to surveillance of invasive alien species

model of production and consumption, which involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials and products as long as possible. In this way, the life cycle of products is extended