the use of living organisms to suppress the population density or impact of a specific invasive alien species, making it less abundant or less damaging than it would otherwise be

actions made in the service of sustaining the biophysical and sociocultural components of dynamic, interacting, and interdependent social–ecological systems

a biocultural community protocol is a document that is developed after a community under-takes a consultative process to outline their core cultural and spiritual values and customary laws relating to their traditional knowledge and resources

a species whose presence in a region is attributable to human actions, intentional or unintentional, that enable them to overcome biogeographical barriers (Richardson et al., 2010; Figure 1.1). This includes species, subspecies or lower taxon, and any part (gametes, seeds, eggs, or propagules) of such species that might survive and subsequently reproduce

a philosophy that accepts that management must proceed even without complete information. It views management not only as a way to achieve objectives, but also as a process for probing to learn more about the resource or system being managed. Learning is an inherent objective of adaptive management. Adaptive management is a process where policies and activities can adapt to future conditions to improve management success

refers to flexible and learning-based collaborations and decision-making processes involving both state and nonstate actors, often at multiple levels, with the aim to adaptively negotiate and coordinate management of social–ecological systems and ecosystem services across landscapes and seascapes