Closing critical knowledge gaps on: OneHealth: knowledge gap on evaluating the framework, trade-offs, barriers to implementation: The promotion of One Health science would provide an overarching mechanism to enable closing of knowledge gaps. This would likely need to begin with transdisciplinary academic training in faculties of medicine, veterinary medicine, public health, and social, ecological and environmental sciences, both in develop and developing countries.

Policies to build knowledge on further incursions of novel diseases or expanding cases of known diseases due to climate change would help drive policy changes to anticipate and reduce further health impacts

Closing critical knowledge gaps on: climate change impacts and related extreme weather events (e.g. flooding and droughts) on disease emergence, to anticipate future threats

Closing critical knowledge gaps on: analysing the evolutionary underpinnings of host shifts that are involved in zoonotic disease spillover and the adaptation of emerging pathogens to new host species

Improving understanding of the relationship between ecosystem degradation and restoration and landscape structure, and the risk of emergence of disease.

Closing critical knowledge gaps on: how the wildlife trade supply chain alters disease risk, from capture through to market and slaughter, and how this differs depending on diversity of wildlife and livestock, and density of animals in the trade