In the context of IPBES, the summary terms to describe the state of knowledge are the following: Well established (certainty term): comprehensive meta-analysis or other synthesis or multiple independent studies that agree.; Established but incomplete (certainty term): general agreement although only a limited number of studies exist but no comprehensive synthesis and, or the studies that exist imprecisely address the question.; Unresolved (certainty term): multiple independent studies exist but conclusions do not agree.; Inconclusive (certainty term): limited evidence, recognising major knowledge gaps.