IPBESIPCC_3.2.4.4_63_250

Marine ice loss in the Arctic has many consequences in addition to these. The net outcome of changes in primary production in open Arctic waters, loss of benthic production from under-ice algae, loss of pagophilic (ice-dependent) species and lower albedo is as yet unclear so we cannot yet reach any clear conclusions on Arctic mitigation potential (Rogers et al., 2020).