This chapter highlights clear gaps in the type and distribution of African scenario studies, with some subregions (central, north and west Africa), issues (non-climate-related) and perspectives (ILK), being particularly poorly covered. There is a major need for building the capacity of African researchers, policymakers and institutions to understand, carry out and use scenario analyses. In particular, there is a need to broaden the focus of African scenario studies beyond modelling climate change impacts, and especially to better incorporate broad stakeholder participation and ILK into scenario processes. The potential for using scenarios to support decision-making in Africa, particularly around potential risks, opportunities and trade-offs of the different future pathways of change, will only be realised if concerted efforts are taken to mobilise financial and other resources to build capacity for carrying out and using scenario analyses.