monetary valuation |
The amount of value an item or a service has in relation to its acceptable cash price for a willing seller and buyer.
|
Pollination assessment |
monitoring |
Monitoring is the repeated observation of a system in order to detect signs of change.
|
Sustainable use assessment, Global assessment (1st work programme) |
monitoring |
The repeated observation of a system in order to detect signs of change.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme), Americas assessment, Europe and Central Asia assessment, Land degradation and restoration assessment |
monitoring |
for the purpose of this assessment, the continued or regular observation of an ecosystem to detect invasion/reinvasion by invasive alien species and/or their impacts.
|
Invasive alien species assessment |
monoculture |
The cultivation or growth of only one agricultural product in a given area (field, farm, garden, forest).
|
Pollination assessment |
monoculture |
The agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop, plant, or livestock species, variety, or breed in a field or farming system at a time.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme), Americas assessment, Europe and Central Asia assessment, Land degradation and restoration assessment, Asia-Pacific assessment |
monophyletic |
The condition in which a group of taxa share a common ancestry, being the entire set of evolutionary descendants from a common ancestor.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
moral economy |
A moral economy, initially based on peasants’ sense of belonging and sharing, is an economy that is based on goodness, fairness, and justice. Such an economy is generally only stable in small, closely knit communities, where the principles of mutuality operate.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
mosaic landscape |
A pattern of landscapes with multiple patches and corridors.
|
Europe and Central Asia assessment |
mosaic restoration |
Landscape scale restoration efforts that do not rely on a single restoration mechanism for an entire landscape, or it is a single mechanism, deploying it in a spatially variable manner that creates patches of restored and non-restored landscape units.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
mother earth |
An expression used in a number of countries and regions to refer to the planet Earth and the entity that sustains all living things found in nature with which humans have an indivisible, interdependent physical and spiritual relationship.
|
Scenarios and models assessment, Global assessment (1st work programme), Asia-Pacific assessment, Sustainable use assessment |
mother earth |
An expression used in a number of countries and regions to refer to the planet Earth and the entity that sustains all living things found in nature with which humans have an indivisible, interdependent physical and spiritual relationship (see nature).
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment, Europe and Central Asia assessment, Africa assessment, Americas assessment |
motivation |
One’s general willingness to do something. It is the set of psychological forces that compel you to take action. Motivation can be extrinsic - based on changes in external conditions, external rewards. Intrinsic motivation refers to an inherent drive to seek out challenges and new possibilities.
|
Values assessment |
motivation crowding |
Providing extrinsic incentives for certain kinds of behaviour - such as promising monetary rewards for accomplishing more of intrinsically/ normatively motivated action - can undermine that motivation for performing the behaviour, diminished motivation to act.
|
Values assessment |
multi stakeholder based scenario development |
See Participatory scenario development.
|
Asia-Pacific assessment |
multi-criteria analysis |
A sub-discipline of operations research that explicitly evaluates multiple conflicting criteria in decision-making.
|
Asia-Pacific assessment |
multidisciplinary expert panel |
The IPBES Multidiscplinary Expert Panel is a subsidiary body established by the IPBES Plenary which oversees the scientific and technical functions ofthe Platform, a key role being to select experts to carry out assessments.
|
Europe and Central Asia assessment, Sustainable use assessment, Americas assessment |
multidisciplinary expert panel |
Within the context of IPBES - a subsidiary body established by the IPBES Plenary which carries out the scientific and technical functions agreed upon by the Plenary, as articulated in the document on functions, operating principles and institutional arrangements of IPBES.
|
Scenarios and models assessment |
multifunctional ‘scape |
where ‘scape is shorthand for ‘land-, freshwater- and sea-scape’, is a contiguous area defined by major geomorphological (e.g. major watersheds, geological systems and major biomes) and/or oceanographic processes (major current regimes, biogeochemical processes). Scale may vary with the application. A ‘scape may include a mosaic of habitats across all conditions of nature from intact in ‘wild spaces’, through modified and altered in ‘shared spaces’ where humans have a significant impact on the biota and may alter function considerably, to ‘anthromes’ or fully transformed agricultural and urban areas where the coverage of natural habitats is very low or even zero.
|
IPBES-IPCC co-sponsored workshop on biodiversity and climate change |
multifunctional agriculture |
The concept was adopted by FAO (1999) to foster an approach integrating landscape, biological connections, and less damageable practices. Multifunctional agriculture is meant to integrate the economic, social and ecological aspects of land management.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
multifunctionality |
The condition of being multifunctional; diversity of function.
|
Asia-Pacific assessment |
muti-use system |
Multi-use systems are defined as socio-ecosystems in which occur more than one use or practice (e.g. fishing and logging in mangroves).
|
Sustainable use assessment |
mutualism |
Interaction between two species that benefits the two species (Bronstein, 1994).
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
qualitative storyline |
Articulation of narratives describing plausible futures based on or relating to measures of the quality of key compnents rather than their quantity (c.f. Quantitative approaches).
|
Asia-Pacific assessment |
quality of life |
Within the context of the IPBES Conceptual Framework - good quality of life refers to the achievement of a fulfilled life, a notion which may vary significantly across societies and cultures. There is a common understanding that quality of life is composed of both shared common aspects across cultures (food security) and contextual aspects (e.g. self-determination), which can be assessed objectively (e.g. caloric intake) or subjectively (e.g. life satisfaction) applying quantitative and qualitative indicators. Good quality of life is generally portrayed through material conditions (e.g. level of food availability) as well as through individual aspirations (e.g. personal; professional; spiritual) and capabilities (e.g. education) for people to live in accordance to what they themselves consider to be “a good life”, which can differ across cultures, contexts and individuals. The role of nature in achieving a good quality of life is complex and heterogeneous, and depends on the social-ecological context, and on the way people portray themselves in relation to nature.
|
Values assessment |
quantitative model |
Statistical or other analytical descriptions of processes defined by quantities or metrics.
|
Asia-Pacific assessment |