| preference |
They denote stated or revealed choices of one or more alternatives over others and can be expressed in economic or sociocultural terms. Despite being considering synonyms for value in some disciplines (economics), preferences should be understood as rankings of possible outcomes in terms of their specific value to people (e.g. preferences related to health and good quality of life) (section 2.2.4.4).
|
Values assessment |
| preparedness (in the context of invasive alien species management) |
any policy and/or action undertaken to prepare for the probable arrival of a potential invasive alien species including any preventative or adaptive response activity
|
Invasive alien species assessment |
| pressures |
see direct drivers.
|
Scenarios and models assessment |
| prevention |
for the purpose of this assessment, any policy and/or action/response undertaken to prevent the arrival and/or introduction of alien and invasive alien species, between and within countries and regions. Prevention is generally far more cost-effective and environmentally beneficial than measures taken following introduction and establishment of an invasive alien species
|
Invasive alien species assessment |
| preventive response |
Conservation measures that maintain land and its environmental and productive functions.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
| preventive response |
Refer to conservation measures that maintain land and its environmental and productive functions.
|
|
| price |
The quantity of payment or compensation given by one party to another in return for goods or services.
|
Pollination assessment |
| primary production |
The conversion of energy to organic substances by photosynthetic and chemosynthetic autotrophic organisms.
|
Sustainable use assessment, Asia-Pacific assessment |
| primary production |
Primary production is the process whereby inorganic carbon is fixed in the sunlit (euphotic) zone of the upper ocean, and forms the base of the marine food pyramid.
|
Americas assessment |
| primary vegetation |
Vegetation in a particular plant assemblage that has not been subject to human disturbance, or has been so little affected that its natural structure, functions and dynamics have not undergone any change that exceed the elastic capacity of the ecosystem.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
| principle of compatibility |
This principle limits the level of restoration of polluted sites to the quality required for the next use that would have been planned by industrial companies, in accordance to land planning documents.
|
|
| prior informed consent |
See “Free, prior and informed consent (FPIC)”.
|
Sustainable use assessment |
| prior informed consent |
Before access to knowledge or genetic resources takes place(Prior), based on truthful information about the use that will be made of the knowledge or genetic resources that is adequate for the authority to understand the implications(Informed), the government, stakeholders or rights holders could be explicit consent(consent).
|
Asia-Pacific assessment |
| prior informed consent |
Consent given before access to knowledge or genetic resources takes place, based on truthful information about the use that will be made of the resources, which is adequate for the stakeholders or rights holders giving consent to understand the implications.
|
Americas assessment, Land degradation and restoration assessment |
| prior informed consent |
See 'Free, prior and informed consent (FPIC)'.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
| private deforestation |
Deforestation occurring on private lands.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
| problem identification |
see agenda setting.
|
Scenarios and models assessment |
| procedural justice |
refers to fairness in the political processes that allocate resources and resolve disputes. It involves recognition, inclusion, representation and participation in decision-making.
|
Values assessment |
| process-based model |
A model in which relationships are described in terms of explicitly stated processes or mechanisms based on established scientific understanding, and model parameters therefore have clear ecological interpretation, defined beforehand.
|
Scenarios and models assessment |
| process-based model |
See models.
|
Europe and Central Asia assessment |
| producer surplus |
The amount that producers benefit by selling at a market price that is higher than the least that they would be willing to accept for that good or service. It is roughly equal to profit (q.v.): producers are not normally willing to sell at a loss, and are normally indifferent to selling at a break-even price.
|
Pollination assessment |
| production function |
A mathematical equation or graph that shows the relationship between physical inputs and physical outputs for a business.
|
Pollination assessment |
| profit |
The financial gain, especially the difference between the amount earned and the amount spent in buying, operating, or producing something.
|
Pollination assessment |
| projection |
Any description of the future, and the pathway leading to it.
|
Scenarios and models assessment |
| propagule pressure |
The quantity, quality and frequency of propagules (such as spores, eggs, larvae, or adults) released in a given location. This term can be seen as the introduction effort, i.e. the pool of individuals introduced in a new ecosystem/area/region and the number of times it is released.
|
Americas assessment |
| propagule pressure |
a measure of introduction intensity, including release from captivity or cultivation, comprising both the number of individuals of a species introduced per introduction (propagule size) and the frequency of introductions
|
Invasive alien species assessment |
| protected area |
A protected area is a clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values.
|
Asia-Pacific assessment, Europe and Central Asia assessment, Americas assessment, Africa assessment, Sustainable use assessment, Global assessment (1st work programme), Pollination assessment |
| protected area downgrading, downsizing and degazettement |
Refers to legal changes that ease restrictions on the use of a protected area, shrink a protected area's boundaries or eliminate legal protections entirely (Mascia & Pailler, 2011).
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
| protected area |
A clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
| provisioning service |
The products people obtain from ecosystems; may include food, freshwater, timber, fibres, medicinal plants.
|
Africa assessment, Asia-Pacific assessment, Sustainable use assessment |
| public-private partnership |
A long-term contract between a private party and a government entity, for providing a public asset or service, in which the private party bears significant risk and management responsibility and remuneration is linked to performance.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
| purchasing power parity |
An economic theory that estimates the amount of adjustment needed on the exchange rate between countries in order for the exchange to be equivalent to each currency’s purchasing power. It states that exchange rates between currencies are in equilibrium when their purchasing power is the same in each of the two countries. This means that the exchange rate between two countries should equal the ratio of the two countries’ price level of a fixed basket of goods and services.
|
Pollination assessment |
| water footprint |
The measure of humanity's use of fresh water as represented in volumes of water consumed and/or polluted.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment, Global assessment (1st work programme) |
| water footprint |
The water footprint measures the amount of water used to produce each of the goods and services we use. It can be measured for a single process, such as growing rice, for a product, such as a pair of jeans, for the fuel we put in our car, or for an entire.
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|
| water grabbing |
A situation where powerful actors are able to take control of, or reallocate to their own benefits, water resources already used by local communities or feeding aquatic ecosystems on which their livelihoods are based (Mehta et al., 2012).
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
| water logging |
An excess of water on top and/or within the soil, leading to reduced air availability in the soil for long periods.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
| water purification |
Vegetation, and specially aquatic plants, can assist in removing sediments and nutrients and other impurities from water.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
| water security index |
The ratio of total water withdrawal to the water availability including environmental flow requirements. Higher WSI values lead to decreasing water security.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
| water security |
The capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate quantities of and acceptable quality water for sustaining livelihoods, human well-being, and socio-economic development, for ensuring protection against water-borne pollution and water-related disasters, and for preserving ecosystems in a climate of peace and political stability.
|
|
| water security |
The capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate quantities of and acceptable quality water for sustaining livelihoods, human well-being, and socio-economic development, for ensuring protection against water-borne pollution, water-related disasters, and for preserving ecosystems.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
| water security |
The reliable availability of an acceptable quantity and quality of water for health, livelihoods and production, coupled with an acceptable level of water-related risks.
|
Asia-Pacific assessment |
| water security |
The capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate quantities of and acceptable quality water for sustaining livelihoods, human well-being, and socio- economic development, for ensuring protection against water-borne pollution and water-related disasters, and for preserving ecosystems in a climate of peace and political stability.
|
Africa assessment, Americas assessment, Europe and Central Asia assessment |
| water stress |
Physiological stress experienced by a plant as a result of a lack of available moisture or a low water potential in the surrounding soil; an instance of this. Economic or political pressures in a country or region as a result of insufficient access to fresh water.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme), Asia-Pacific assessment |
| water stress |
Water stress occurs in an organism when the demand for water exceeds the available amount during a certain period or when poor quality restricts its use.
|
Europe and Central Asia assessment, Africa assessment, Americas assessment |
| water table |
The upper surface of the zone of ground water.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
| water use efficiency |
The ratio between effective water use and actual water withdrawal. In irrigation, it represents the ratio between estimated plant water requirements (through evapotranspiration) and actual water withdrawal.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
| weed |
A plant that is a pest (q.v.) in a particular circumstance.
|
Pollination assessment |
| welfare |
See 'Social welfare'.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme), Sustainable use assessment |
| welfare |
The provision of a minimal level of well- being (q.v.) and social support for all citizens.
|
Pollination assessment |
| well established (certainty term (q.v.)) |
Consensus from a comprehensive meta- analysis7 or other synthesis, or multiple independent studies that agree.
|
Pollination assessment |