| opportunity cost |
The foregone benefits of carrying out one activity in favor of another, or giving up their initial preferred land-use plan.
|
Americas assessment |
| option value |
The potential ability to use some of nature’s benefits in the future, although they are not currently used, or the likelihood for their future use is low. It represents the willingness to preserve an option for the future enjoyment of nature’s benefits.
|
Scenarios and models assessment |
| organic agriculture |
Any system that emphasizes the use of techniques such as crop rotation, compost or manure application, and biological pest control in preference to synthetic inputs. Most certified organic farming schemes prohibit all genetically modified organisms and almost all synthetic inputs. Its origins are in a holistic management system that avoids off-farm inputs, but some organic agriculture now uses relatively high levels of off-farm inputs.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment, Global assessment (1st work programme), Pollination assessment |
| organic agriculture |
Any system that emphasises the use of techniques such as crop rotation, compost or manure application, and biological pest control in preference to synthetic inputs. Most certified organic farming schemes prohibit all genetically modified organisms and almost all synthetic inputs. Its origins are in a holistic management system that avoids off-farm inputs, but some organic agriculture now uses relatively high levels of off-farm inputs.
|
Europe and Central Asia assessment, Americas assessment, Asia-Pacific assessment |
| organic farming |
Crop and livestock production using natural sources of nutrients (such as compost, crop residues, and manure) and natural methods of crop and weed control, instead of using synthetic or inorganic agrochemicals. Genetically modified organisms are not usually part of organic agriculture. It is also sometimes called low- input farming, but may involve high inputs of labour and be intensive in its practice.
|
Pollination assessment |
| other effective area-based conservation measures |
A geographically defined area other than a protected area, which is governed and managed in ways that achieve positive and sustained long- term outcomes for the in situ conservation of biodiversity (CBD, 2018a).
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
| overexploitation |
Overexploitation means harvesting species from the wild at rates faster than natural populations can recover. Includes overfishing, and overgrazing.
|
Asia-Pacific assessment, Sustainable use assessment |
| overexploitation |
Harvesting species from the wild at rates faster than natural populations can recover. Includes overfishing, and overgrazing.
|
Africa assessment, Europe and Central Asia assessment, Americas assessment, Global assessment (1st work programme) |
| overgrazing |
Overgrazing occurs when plants are exposed to intensive grazing for extended periods of time, or without sufficient recovery periods. It can be caused by either livestock in poorly managed agricultural applications, game reserves, or nature reserves. It can also be caused by immobile, travel restricted populations of native or non-native wild animals.
|
Asia-Pacific assessment, Sustainable use assessment |
| overgrazing |
An excess of herbivory that leads to degradation of plant and soil resources.
|
Americas assessment |
| overstocking |
Placing a number of animals on a given area that will result in overuse if continued to the end of the planned grazing period.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |